Peter Friedman
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Ruling Imagination: Law and Creativity

August 07th, 2010 | Legal News

Why I didn’t like Donald Rosenberg’s lawsuit against the Plain Dealer and Cleveland Orchestra.

I want to expand a bit on why I don’t believe a lawsuit of the sort Donald Rosenberg brought is a useful way of enforcing journalistic integrity. My opinion, of course, is grounded in the belief I’ve had since I first heard of the lawsuit that there was little if any legal merit in it.

First, our legal system is intended to remedy individual harm. It does so by limiting the power of courts to decide individual cases brought be people with a genuine stake in the controversies they sue over. Courts do not have the power to decide hypothetical questions. They do not have the power to decide concrete questions if they parties who sue aren’t the parties who have actually suffered direct harm resulting from the alleged wrong. And our legal system is overwhelmed. People wait years for justice in cases where the harm is serious and direct. To allow lawsuits to proceed merely because they involve behavior we don’t like, therefore, is to do plenty of harm.

Some have suggested that, regardless of the merits of Rosenberg’s lawsuit, the discovery forced by the litigation serves a useful function in disclosing information about behavior they didn’t like. Discovery is a powerful mechanism for forcing people to disclose information. And so it is a dangerous game. When you seek discovery, discovery is sought from you as well, and it’s tough to put a limit on things. So, if you sue, be ready to open up your own life to the public. And if you are sued, don’t believe for a minute that you won’t have to open up your life.  Litigation is a dangerous game.

Paradoxically, while discovery discloses a lot, we should understand too that it doesn’t disclose everything. Parties to a lawsuit seek discovery about the matters they care about and deem it worth their while and their money to go after. They disclose to the court and the public only portions of the information they seek and obtain. So what the public actually receives is never the entire picture. It is as selected, shaped, and manipulated as is any other set of facts.

It’s plain that those rooting for Rosenberg in his lawsuit were convinced of the soundness of his critical writings regarding the Cleveland Orchestra. But I’m not exactly sure whether they want courts and juries to start engaging in the kind of aesthetic and critical evaluation that would be required to distinguish Rosenberg’s legal claims from those brought by some hack they would consider the Cleveland Orchestra to be entirely right to complain about. To do so would require the court to determine which reviews the Orchestra had a legitimate beef about and which reviews the Orchestra did not have a legitimate beef about. I can’t believe that anyone would be happy with that going on.

And the only other answer to that problem would be to forbid the Cleveland Orchestra or any other journalistic subject to opine about the quality of the coverage afforded them. Besides the obvious First Amendment problems, that alternative is plainly unworkable.

Has the Plain Dealer’s credibility been damaged? I think so, though to be honest I’m not sure that Rosenberg’s lawsuit caused that damage. Rather, the decision to reassign Rosenberg and the ensuing hue and cry from the musical and critical worlds did that. If anything, I suspect that having lost the lawsuit, Rosenberg may have revived some of the Plain Dealer’s lost reputation.

Finally, I hate the fact that Rosenberg likely paid good money for what plainly to me seemed a losing set of claims. And if, as I hope, his lawyer was representing him on a contingency basis, I’d be pretty pissed off if I were his lawyer’s partner or employee.

Addendum: I’ve been asked why, given that Rosenberg’s age discrimination arises under Title VII, which is federal law, the case was heard in state court. Federal courts do not have exclusive “jurisdiction” (that is, judicial power) over Title VII claims. State courts are courts of “general jurisdiction” and therefore can exercise judicial power over any claims, though Congress can restrict jurisdiction over federal claims to federal courts. In 1990, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had not done so (explicitly or implicitly) in Title VII.

This article has 7 comments

  1. David Says:

    The comment by Mr. Baker on an earlier thread that discovery allows information which can not be obtained by even the most dogged reporters (even with industrial bank accounts to support it!) is apt. You suggest that it is not full discovery but directed as the parties seek (and can be intrusively dangerous) but it still produced a lot of critical information in this case that I doubt would have come out otherwise.

    Anyone who has shown a strong interest in this case has certainly learned a lot from the limited discovery that has reached the public (but see below) and also from the original 62 page complaint which does not seem to have been refuted by the trial.

    The case has also thrown people who are interested into the history of Mr. Welser-Most and it does not take long to learn that criticism of the same kind offered by Rosenberg has followed him since he was 29 years old but he has nonetheless and deftly managed to make a very solid career regardless. As Mr. Baker said, and as many others have pointed out overseas, V-M seems to shine at opera and choral but routinely lets his audience down with instrumental works. “Snoring Through Mahler” said one European critic. Not Franz Welser-Most but “Frankly Worse Than Most” said the London critics during his time there. All of this was “out there” but who cared to look until prompted by the demotion, case and the trial? It clearly tends to validate Rosenberg.

    But it would have been impossible in a one-newspaper town (Web or not) for Rosenberg, single-handedly, to get at all the facts, much less report them and they are, all in all, fascinating.

    It has to be remembered that even before the PD demotion, the Orchestra itself locked Rosenberg out of his decades-long office, barred him from access to its archives, and refused to allow him backstage on tours.

    In an ideal world, courts should not be used as a vehicle to make a statement or gain hard-to-find information but there are sanctions if plaintiffs do not reasonably believe they can win the case.

    In an ideal world, Doug Clifton’s remarks to MAA’s Richard Bogomolny would have been adhered to by his successor, Susan Goldberg. He had said to an earlier Bogomolny complaint: “My sense is that Don’s criticism is based on an honest and strongly held belief that Franz is not up to the job. In the end… we must tread lightly on the independence of our critic. To overrule him in the face of protest would make a mockery of the critical process.”

    Can anyone who has followed this say that it would not have been better if Ms. Goldberg had toughed it out and followed that policy?

    Somehow this story needed to be told and Rosenberg’s remarks that he couldn’t have lived with himself if he had just walked away from it made a lot of sense especially since at the time, he knew so many facts the rest of us did not know. You have said that he is not damaged because he remains an esteemed critic–as if he can go elsewhere and do work of the same caliber as he did reviewing the Orchestra. Highly unlikely, especially at his age, to relocate to another top 5 (or is it now top 7!) orchestra.

    Everyone seems to agree that the details of this mess make both defendants look (as you put it) rather “stupid” but was not actionable. Perhaps if there had been another general circulation newspaper, the story could have been told there (and denied without any oaths by the various sides) and of course it could have been told on the Web with a highly uncertain audience. One of the great values of an actual newspaper is that it is more likely to inform somebody who is not looking for a particular niche. People following the Rosenberg story on the Web would, inevitably, “be preaching to the choir” as, to a certain extent, the limited number of commenters on your blog attests!

    One fact is true. Rosenberg wrote an important book about the Orchestra, and as disappointing as this latest chapter is, it does belong in that book.

    Those who really want to immerse themselves in this trial can do so. The entire trial is available on DVD-ROM for, cough!, $600. The URL is is:

    http://shopping.courtroomconnect.com/s.nl/sc.8/category.3272/.f

  2. Peter Says:

    Hey, I have a limited audience, and I never claimed otherwise. And if everyone agrees both sides were stupid, I’m not sure why we needed a lawsuit. So we can know that media outlets control their message to suit some of their subjects? Gee, I didn’t know that. So we could know the whole story about Mr. Rosenberg and the merits of his criticisms of the Cleveland Orchestra? Please — we can know from a $600 DVD what Mr. Rosenberg sought what the Cleveland Orchestra sought in prosecuting and defending legal claims that had little basis. We know the Cleveland Orchestra did not defame Mr. Rosenberg. We don’t know the whole story. And the entire TRIAL may be available, but the trial is not the entire story either.

    And I have no beef with Mr. Rosenberg, but nothing ever gave him a legal right to be the Plain Dealer’s reviewer of the Cleveland Orchestra. So I don’t think he’s suffered any legal damage from losing that post. If and when I do not have my contract renewed by my law school, I will have been damaged in that I cannot just pick up and move to another city for a comparable job. But I will not have suffered any legal damage.

    Finally, as a lawyer I think using litigation as a means of obtaining information creates a lot more problems than benefits. Yes, it’s true that frivolous claims will be sanctioned, but, as I tell my students, in order to be legally frivolous a claim has to be a lot more ludicrous than they ever thought before they became lawyers. Were Mr. Rosenberg’s claims frivolous. As a legal matter, not by a long shot. But as I’ve been on the record stating for 2 years, I never saw the merit in his claims. Are we really better off for the time, money, and effort that has gone into this for 2 years? Why? To learn the PD bends to the whims of some of the institutions in this city? You’d be better off reading a little about others, from Dennis Kucinich to Terry Pluto.

  3. David Says:

    I was not criticizing your limited audience. I am grateful that you care enough about this issue to create a forum. I was criticizing the fact that few people care as much as you do to search and find it and respond to it.

    I agree that Rosenberg’s contract did not allow him to win this case but you agree that Rosenberg’s claimns were not frivolous. Ergo, if it was not frivolous, he had a clear right (to him a duty) to file the case and let the chips fall.

    They fell. The PD and the Orchestra do not look good when those “chips” are fairly considered. Rosenberg looks better than he did before filing. If it was not frivolous and the Plaintiff wins on the issues if not on the law, the Plaintiff was probably correct to go forward.

    You have said before that corporations will lobby the PD and the PD will bend to those whims but even if it is rampant, we all deserve to know when and how it happens and the Rosenberg case helps us understand that a lot better.

    Thanks again.

  4. pfriedman Says:

    A claim that is not legally frivolous is one that is not so outrageously baseless a court will sanction someone for even filing the claim.

    So yes, Rosenberg had a “right” to file the lawsuit, something I never denied. If I had been his lawyer, I would have told him I’d be happy to file it. I’d also tell him, however, that he was very likely going to lose and recover nothing. And I find that clients who pursue claims they know they’re very likely going to lose are doing so for reasons that are not well served by pursuing those claims.

    I’m not sure the Rosenberg case has helped us understand anything better. We understand the Cleveland Orchestra didn’t like his reviews. We knew that. We know that the Orchestra complained to the PD about him. I don’t know why we wouldn’t think they’d do that. We know that people other than those connected to the Orchestra didn’t like Rosenberg’s reviews. We know that a lot of people think highly of his reviews as well. We know the PD reassigned him and that they had every legal right to do so.

    Do we really understand better than we did that media companies shape their views to serve all sorts of constituencies and not necessarily some abstract notion of objective truth?

    As far as I can tell, the only real beneficiaries of this lawsuit were the lawyers. At least the defendants didn’t really have a choice but to pay their lawyers to defend the lawsuit. Rosenberg had a choice — he didn’t have to sue in the first place. I hope, at the very least, he knew he was likely to lose.

    And let me ask this? In light of the jury verdict, is Rosenberg’s beef more or less compelling? You say he “won on the issues if not the law.” I’m don’t know what that means. I do know he lost the case. I do know the result was a jury verdict after the jury had an opportunity to view Rosenberg’s live testimony, as well as live testimony from witnesses from the PD (including Goldberg) and the Musical Arts Association. So what exactly did he win?

  5. pfriedman Says:

    And David — I’m grateful for your readership and for your kind words about my attention to this matter. I’m commenting as a lawyer. I think Mr. Rosenberg was poorly served by his lawsuit. That’s all. Nor do I think it served the larger community as much as many people seem to think.

  6. David Says:

    All I can say is that I came to this issue with an open mind but when I read the original 62 page complaint which said how Rosenberg had been man-handled by the Orchestra even before the PD did its deed, I came to the belief that he needed to file the case.

    You seem uncomfortable that courts are used to make statements but there are countless cases filed where Plaintiffs intend nothing more than a cash settlement prior to trial and they very often get precisely that–using the courts.

    Rosenberg believed he was damaged. I certainly believe he was damaged. Legally, he may not have been damaged but I would suggest that the prime reason for that is that he was kept on.

    If he had been fired, out the door, I wonder if it would not have been a much different case. And, I also wonder if the PD’s lawyers did not advise accordingly expecting his filing.

    It would be interesting to poll the jury as to how they would have decided had Rosenberg been summarily fired instead of re-assigned.

    Thanks again. I much enjoyed the exchange.

  7. pfriedman Says:

    David — if he had been fired, it would have been a breach of the Guild contract and he therefore would have had a legal claim. Quite plainly, then, the lawyers would have told the PD not to fire him. There was no basis to. But neither did the newspaper have any obligation to keep him as the reviewer of the Orchestra.

    And in fact the vast majority of cases are settled before trial because by the time the parties have had the opportunity to conduct discovery they’ve got a pretty good idea of their chances and can come to some rational monetary settlement without leaving the resolution to the vagaries of a jury. The more emotional the conflict, however, the more difficult it is for such rational calculations to be made.

    This case wasn’t, in my very possibly mistaken opinion, going to settle because the PD and the Orchestra had nothing to gain by settling. Their legal positions were very strong, and any settlement by them would have looked like a concession that they did SOMETHING wrong.

    After a jury verdict against Rosenberg, however, I think the righteousness Rosenberg plainly stood for in the eyes of most people could only be diminished. Since I thought all along that he would lose, I therefore don’t entirely understand why he pursued the case. When he was reassigned, the righteousness of his position was as high as it ever was. You’d like to ask the jury what would have happened under certain circumstances, but the fact is what we know is the jury found against him entirely.

    Not that the lawsuit did the PD and Orchestra much good. But the damage was done when they reassigned Rosenberg. In my twitter chat with Tim Smith last night, he very intelligently suggested that the newspaper could have more creatively and productively dealt with the widespread perception that Rosenberg was beating a dead horse with his persistent criticism of Welser-Most by, say, dividing the reviewing duties between him and someone else.

    I think Smith’s idea that the dispute could have been headed off in that or some similar way is a really intelligent one and far more in keeping with my view of what lawyers should do — resolve disputes as productively and efficiently as possible — than what resulted from what happened.

    Because I don’t think the lawsuit did Rosenberg any good. That’s all. But if he was advised that he was very unlikely to prevail on any of his claims and he wanted to proceed any way — hey, that’s his choice. He’s the client, and he calls the shots.

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