July 11th, 2009 | Uncategorized, copyright and fair use, creativity, originality

Manny Garcia’s own words betray the weakness of his case.

Obama hope poster and Garcia photoManny Garcia, who actually shot the photo at issue in the lawsuit between Shepard Fairey and the Associated Press — the photo that allegedly was the source of Shepard Fairey’s Obama Hope poster — is intervening in that lawsuit on the grounds that he, not AP, owns the copyright in the photo. On page 5 of the brief in support of his motion he makes clear he is arguing too that Fairey infringed his alleged copyright in the photo he shot.

I’ve said it before — one of the best ways to defeat an adversary in litigation is to use his own words against him. Garcia now seems to think there’s a principle he has to defend in arguing that Fairey’s poster infringed his copyright in his photograph. AP also thinks Fairey’s work was an infringement but that it owns the copyright in the photograph on the grounds that it was a “work for hire.” Be that as it may, if Garcia thinks Fairey’s work is sufficiently transformative that it stands on its own as an original work, that would be pretty harmful to his and AP’s arguments, wouldn’t it?

Well, for a long time Garcia himself didn’t realize Fairey’s poster might’ve been made from his photograph. As Scene on the Road reported last January, Garcia, after learning that many thought his photo was the original source said, “I’ve been on the campaign for twenty something months, so I would see the artwork, I would photograph it, and think what is with this image? But it didn’t snap. It never occurred to me it was my picture.” (emphasis added)

Moreover, he said he wasn’t interested in a lawsuit because he understood that artists create by remixing the “things” around them:

[Garcia] was quick to add he is not mad at Fairey, and he’s not looking at any lawsuits. “I know artists like to look at things; they see things and they make stuff. It’s a really cool piece of work. I wouldn’t mind getting a signed litho or something from the artist to put up on my wall.”

So let’s see: Garcia didn’t recognize his own photo was the source of Fairey’s work even after regularly seeing and photographing Fairey’s poster. In fact, it took someone else to point out that Garcia’s work might have been the source. And Garcia himself thinks Fairey’s poster is “a really cool piece of work” and knows “artists” work by doing what Fairey allegedly did with his photo. I don’t know how better to identify and define a work that stands on its own as an original piece of art.

But later, in an interview with NPR’s Terry Gross at the end of February, Garcia seemed to be singing a different tune, saying that Fairey had taken something “that didn’t belong to him”:

Initially when I found out, I was disappointed in the fact that, you know, someone had – was able to go onto the Internet and take something that doesn’t belong to them and then use it. I think that that part of this whole story is crucial for people to understand that simply because it’s on the Internet doesn’t mean it’s free for the taking, and just because you can take it, doesn’t mean it belongs to you.

So which was it Manny — your first take that what Fairey did was “cool,” that you’d like to have a “signed litho,” and that Fairey had merely done what artists do in taking and reworking the photo, or your second take that he had taken something that didn’t belong to him and used it? And why was it you didn’t recognize the poster was taken from your photo?

This article has 4 comments

  1. Marc Says:

    Pretty weak. Professional photographers shoot millions of images over the course of their careers and require sophisticated cataloging systems to track them all. NO photographer will remember *every* image he or she has shot, especially if he or she has shot many images of the same subject. Copyright law doesn’t require that you *remember* what you create — only that you created a work and claim rights to them. (Otherwise artists with Alzheimer’s and the heirs of dead artists would have no claims of copyright at all.)

    So, it’s Garcia’s other statements saying he was OK with Fairey’s usage (assuming he made them and they’re provable in court) might mess up his claim.

  2. peter Says:

    (1) I think the question is whether Fairey’s image can stand up on its own as a creative work. If in fact Garcia didn’t even imagine the poster was based on his own work, that failure is telling about both the fact Fairey’s work stands on its own and the fact that perhaps all the thoughtful creativity Garcia now he claims put into the photo wasn’t so thoughtful or creative. How creative is an individual shot if it’s just one of a series of many shot instantaneously?

    (2) Is there any reason to doubt Tom Gralish’s version of what Garcia told him in January? Not that I’m aware of.

  3. peter Says:

    And, by the way, Garcia seems to have remembered shooting the specific photo after being informed it was the source for Fairey’s work. From the WSJ:

    Mr. Garcia, a veteran war photographer, worked hard for the image. “I’m on my knees, I’m down low, and I’m just trying to make a nice, clean head shot,” he told National Public Radio. “I’m looking and waiting. I’m waiting for him to turn his head a little bit. . . . Boom. I was there. I was ready.”

    http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123716866712036921.html

    So he remembers actually shooting that photo, but he didn’t remember it when he repeatedly shot the poster because it was one of thousands he’d shot?

  4. Ruling Imagination: Law and Creativity » Blog Archive » Cukoo Kookaburra copyright claim Says:

    [...] hit, it must be transformative, right? I think Shepard Fairey’s Obama Hope poster is fair use for a similar reason — the photographer himself didn’t realize the poster was based on h… Copyright claims like the one against Men at Work pervert the very basis of so much we call [...]

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